En base a una investigación empírica del Movimiento de Estudiantes Secundarios de 2006, este artículo desarrolla algunas consecuencias teóricas que apuntan a explorar en los aspectos culturales que condicionan la constitución de identidades políticas en el Chile actual. En un nivel de mayor abstracción, se plantea la existencia de cuatro transformaciones socioculturales propias de nuestros tiempos, que cambian radicalmente la perspectiva de creación de identidades políticas como se entendieron en el pasado. Ellas son: la reducción de espacios de formación de (...) postura frente a los temas públicos; la ampliación valorativa de la potestad individual en la elección de pertenencias políticas; la erosión de los mapas que permiten hacer sentido del contexto societal y sus procesos de cambio; y la autonomización de la subjetividad. (shrink)

A partir de una investigación sobre los Consejos Asesores Presidenciales en el Gobierno de Michelle Bachelet, se desarrolla un marco teórico sobre movimientos sociales y las llamadas formas subpolíticas, que permite ver cómo el movimiento estudiantil secundario de 2006 desafió el enclave educacional y el tipo de respuesta que un gobierno que buscaba un sello ciudadano, dio a través de la formación de un Consejo Asesor con participación de diversos sectores. El análisis de los debates en el seno de ese (...) Consejo muestra las diversas posiciones en juego y también la imposibilidad de llegar a acuerdos de trasformación profunda. (shrink)

Important decisions are often based on a distributed process of information processing, from a knowledge base that is itself distributed among agents. The simplest such situation is that where a decision-maker seeks the recommendations of experts. Because experts may have vested interests in the consequences of their recommendations, decision-makers usually seek the advice of experts they trust. Trust, however, is a commodity that is usually built through repeated face time and social interaction and thus cannot easily be built in a (...) global world where we have immediate internet access to a vast pool of experts. In this article, we integrate findings from experimental psychology and formal tools from Artificial Intelligence to offer a preliminary roadmap for solving the problem of trust in this computer-mediated environment. We conclude the article by considering a diverse array of extended applications of such a solution. (shrink)

Diese Arbeit bietet einen ersten systematischen Versuch, Einsichten der kognitiven Linguistik sowie verwandter gebrauchsbasierter Ansätze mit dem Gebiet der linguistischen Humorforschung zu verknüpfen. Ausgangspunkt ist die Basishypothese, dass verbaler Humor gleichzeitig als show case und als test case für kognitiv-linguistische Beschreibungsmodelle dienen kann. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ausführlich diskutiert, welchen Effekt der Forschungsgegenstand in der Entwicklung kognitiv-diskursiver Ansätze erhalten dürfte und in welchem Maße sich die Grundannahmen dieser Ansätze bereits in der bestehenden linguistischen Humorforschung vorfinden. Im zweiten Teil (...) wird in zwei ausführlich dargelegten Fallstudien eine differenzierte Methodologie eingesetzt, die sich mit spezifischen Fragen bezüglich des semantischen Aufbaus sowie der kognitiven Verarbeitung verbalen Humors befasst. (shrink)

The Anderson Station massacre highlights problems with both sovereignty's fragmentation and biopolitics. Sovereign entities have power over and determine the value of human life. Over and over, Belter life is reduced to bare life. They are exploited and then exterminated when their “usefulness” runs its course. What we often see in these reductions of Belters to bare life is the way that capitalism corrupts—both other sovereign entities and as a sovereign. In The Expanse, the problems with the uncontrolled capitalist sovereign (...) and the influence of capitalism on other sovereign entities are stark. Adding in the aspect of biopolitics, a people considered inferior like the Belters, makes these problems even more stark. Even Ceres police detective Joe Miller says the Belter political organization, the Outer Planets Alliance, is beloved by the people it helped and feared by the ones who got in its way. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Der Islam Jahrgang: 91 Heft: 2 Seiten: 266-271.

When examined in light of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the term “neighbor” raises questions of exclusivity and inclusivity, one's understanding of God, and responsibility toward the “Other.”.

In everyday life and in science we acquire evidence of evidence and based on this new evidence we often change our epistemic states. An assumption underlying such practice is that the following EEE Slogan is correct: 'evidence of evidence is evidence' (Feldman 2007, p. 208). We suggest that evidence of evidence is best understood as higher-order evidence about the epistemic state of agents. In order to model evidence of evidence we introduce a new powerful framework for modelling epistemic states, Dyadic (...) Bayesianism. Based on this framework, we then discuss characterizations of evidence of evidence and argue for one of them. Finally, we show that whether the EEE Slogan holds, depends on the specific kind of evidence of evidence. (shrink)

BackgroundIn Sweden, individuals with visual field loss have their driving license withdrawn. The literature clearly indicates that individuals with VFL are unsafe drivers on a group level. However, many drivers with VFL can be safe on an individual level. The literature also suggests that self-perception, beliefs, and insights of one’s own capabilities are related to driving performance. This study had three aims: To investigate self-perceived driving capability ratings for individuals with VFL; to compare these ratings between groups with different medical (...) conditions associated with VFL ; and to relate the self-perception ratings to actual driving performance in an advanced driving simulator.MethodsParticipants comprised 723 individuals whose driver’s license had been withdrawn because of VFL and 92 normally sighted elderly individuals. All participants completed a background survey, rated difficulties with different traffic situations, rated their strengths and weaknesses as drivers, and rated aspects that were important for causing traffic accidents. Of the VFL group participants, 264 also completed a simulator-based driving test that they knew could lead to renewal of their driving license. VFL participants and normally sighted was at the same age when they completed the simulator driving test.ResultsOverall, individuals with VFL rated their capabilities as high on all instruments and scales used, even higher than the elderly normally sighted control group. The only VFL etiology group that rated lower than other groups was the diabetes group. Safety orientation and internal control orientation values were best at discriminating between VFL participants in terms of self-perception of driving performance. Participants categorized as “high” in terms of safety skills and internal control were more modest in their ratings. Finally, participants who passed the simulated driving test did not differ from those who failed, in any of the self-perception measures.ConclusionSelf-perception ratings among individuals with VFL were higher than those of normally sighted elderly individuals. Self-assessed skills did not predict driving performance. Groups with different VFL etiologies rated similarly. Self-ratings of driving abilities cannot be used to assess actual driving performance. Actual driving tests are necessary to discriminate between safe and unsafe drivers with VFL. (shrink)

El ensayo pretende reconstruir los debates filosóficos franco-alemanes de los años 80. La llegada del pensamiento francés de Derrida, Foucault, Lacan, etc., generó en la filosofía alemana la polaridad asimilación-rechazo. Sostenemos que dicha polaridad es producto del rechazo o integración de las propias tradiciones alemanas que los autores franceses poseen. En consecuencia, creemos que son claves las obras de Manfred Frank sobre el pensamiento francés para entender tanto el debate como sus derivaciones en las discusiones sobre modernidad-posmodernidad, sujeto-no-sujeto, deconstrucción-hermenéutica, racionalidad-irracionalidad.

In this article, we offer an overview of the philosophical and psychological literatures on expertise. Work so far has failed to engage with recent work in embodied and encultured cognition--in particular the notions of interactivity and semiosis. We suggest how bringing these concepts on board reveals new areas of research concerning the philosophy and psychology of expertise. We conclude with a brief synopsis of each paper.

. The paper presents a method for transforming a given sound and complete n-sequent proof system into an equivalent sound and complete system of ordinary sequents. The method is applicable to a large, central class of (generalized) finite-valued logics with the language satisfying a certain minimal expressiveness condition. The expressiveness condition decrees that the truth-value of any formula φ must be identifiable by determining whether certain formulas uniformly constructed from φ have designated values or not. The transformation preserves the general (...) structure of proofs in the original calculus in a way ensuring preservation of the weak cut elimination theorem under the transformation. The described transformation metod is illustrated on several concrete examples of many-valued logics, including a new application to information sources logics. (shrink)

In this study, by the use of Yuan and Lee’s definition of the fuzzy group based on fuzzy binary operation we give a new kind of fuzzy ring. The concept of fuzzy subring, fuzzy ideal and fuzzy ring homomorphism are introduced, and we make a theoretical study their basic properties analogous to those of ordinary rings.

Research in the area of intellectual property (IP) is increasingly relevant to the rapidly growing artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics industries, affecting the legal, business, manufacturing, and healthcare sectors. This contributed volume aims to develop our understanding of the legal and ethical challenges posed by artificial intelligence and robotics technologies and the appropriate intellectual property based legal and regulatory responses. It provides a philosophical and legal framework for considering concepts and principles that relate to the development and use of such (...) technologies at the international, regional, and national levels. The legal discourse in IP concerns the ever-growing AI sector and how businesses can protect their IP and incorporate AI. Moral sentiments often take a back seat to market sentiments, even in shaping the direction of ethical business strategy. This anomaly persists despite growing interest in ethics and IP. Taking an interdisciplinary and diverse perspective, this book enriches the evolving definition and scope of IP literature by focusing on actors, products and regulation that shape the business sector. Considering the gap between theory and practice, this book bridges academic and professional knowledge in unpacking legal, ethical and governance issues in the intellectual property industry. In an effort to include as many viewpoints as possible, contributions have been gathered from diverse fields, including business, ethics, governance, law, philosophy and technology studies. This book will appeal to academics in the field of intellectual property, business ethics, AI, emerging technologies and strategic innovation, as well as practitioners and policy makers. (shrink)

This paper seeks to the integration epistemologies developed by Mulyadhi Kertanegara. Nowadays, the relation of science and religion have attracted the attention of Islamic universities, especially in the institutional transformations of IAIN to UIN. This transformation should not be limited as institutional transformation, but also followed by an established to the philosophical nature. An established philosophical base has been implicated for the developing scientific construction, academic tradition builds, and those technical-methodological applications level. In this framework, Mulyadhi Kartanegara’sidea is important to (...) be explored intensively in developing the scientific paradigm Islamic colleges. The books and papers of Mulyadhi Kartanegara related to the theme of the writing are being the subject of the study and analysis of this article. The results of the study that the basis of the integration epistemologies developed by Mulyadhi Kartanegara is a mystical-philosophical pattern. Mulyadhi Kartanegara builds a unique epistemology which intuitive appreciate and re-construct the heritage of classical Islamic philosophy. (shrink)

Reproduction and immunity are energy intensive, intimately linked processes in most organisms. In women, pregnancy is associated with widespread immunological adaptations that alter immunity to many diseases, whereas, immune dysfunction has emerged as a major cause for infertility in both men and women. Deciphering the molecular bases of this dynamic association is inherently challenging in mammals. This relationship has been traditionally studied in fast‐living, invertebrate species, often in the context of resource allocation between life history traits. More recently, these studies (...) have advanced our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immunity‐fertility dialogue. Here, we review the molecular connections between reproduction and immunity from the perspective of human pregnancy to mechanistic discoveries in laboratory organisms. We focus particularly on recent invertebrate studies identifying conserved signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate resource allocation and shape the balance between reproductive status and immune health. (shrink)

El ensayo pretende reconstruir los debates filosóficos franco-alemanes de los años80. La llegada del pensamiento francés de Derrida, Foucault, Lacan, Althusser, entre otros,generó en la filosofía alemana la polaridad asimilación-rechazo. Sostenemos que dichapolaridad es producto del rechazo o integración de las propias tradiciones alemanas que losautores franceses poseen. En esa dirección, las obras de Manfred Frank sobre elpensamiento francés son claves para entender tanto el debate franco-alemán como susderivaciones en las discusiones acerca: modernidad-posmodernidad, sujeto-no-sujeto,deconstrucción-hermenéutica y racionalidad-irracionalidad. A tales fines, primeropresentamos, (...) a partir de las reconstrucciones de Alain Badiou y Gary Gutting, algunascaracterísticas del pensamiento francés que nos permitan entender los supuestos que Frankcrítica. En segundo lugar, puntualizamos cuáles son las críticas que Frank le realiza alpensamiento francés mediante la recuperación de la estética romántica, en particular, delconcepto de individualidad romántica que se podría derivar de la hermenéutica de FriedrichSchleiermacher. Por último, proponemos reconocer dos derivaciones que resultaron de larecepción del postestructuralismo de las obras de Frank. (shrink)

Resumen En esta discusión expongo algunas objeciones a las siguientes tesis de Velázquez 2020: 1) que tanto Descartes como Frege sostienen que las entidades aritméticas son irreductibles a procesos empíricos; 2) que, en el caso de Descartes, dichas entidades son “perennes, inherentes a la propia constitución y funcionamiento de la mente” y 3) que Frege impugnó la filosofía matemática de Mill por psicologista. Sostengo que la segunda tesis no es, per se, controversial, pero que sí lo es en el contexto (...) del artículo de Velázquez.In this discussion I present objections to the following theses in Velázquez 2020: 1) that both Descartes and Frege maintain that arithmetic entities are irreducible to empirical processes; 2) that, in the case of Descartes, these entities are “perennial, inherent to the very constitution and functioning of the mind”, and 3) that Frege contested Mill’s mathematical philosophy for being psychologistic. I argue that the second thesis is not, per se, controversial, but that it is controversial in the context of Velázquez’s article. (shrink)

El trabajo intenta reconstruir conceptual y bibliográficamente las apropiaciones contemporáneas del primer romanticismo alemán, en términos generales, y de la estética de Friedrich Schlegel, en particular, en la filosofía angloparlante contemporánea de los Estados Unidos. Presentamos los momentos históricos y temáticos de esta apropiación debido a que en las últimas décadas los estudios sobre el romanticismo se han incorporado al ámbito filosófico de forma específica. Dicha renovación de los estudios angloparlantes supone un intento de impugnación a las primeras lecturas sobre (...) el primer romanticismo alemán de los estudios literarios durante el siglo XX, en especial, aquellos identificados con la deconstrucción y el posestructuralismo surgidos a fines del 60 como durante los 70. El objetivo final del trabajo es mostrar las cercanías que en este contexto se han producido entre filosofía analítica y primer romanticismo alemán. (shrink)

El ensayo examina el carácter crítico de la ironía romántica de Friedrich Schlegel siguiendo las consideraciones y apropiaciones de Walter Benjamin, Harold Bloom y Paul de Man. También, el ensayo pretende mostrar el paralelismo de la actitud crítica de la ironía con tres figuras literarias románticas: el esteta, el dandy y el âneur. Estas criaturas, unidas por una fe profética en el arte, hacen de la ironía una profesión que se mueve entre la creación y la destrucción. La apropiación en (...) el contexto post-estructuralista nos permite percibir a la ironía en una incomprensión radical, desarrollando un patrón estético que opera entre la creación y la aniquilación. (shrink)

El ensayo pretende reconstruir la lectura del pensamiento francés en las lecciones dictadas por Manfred Frank en su texto ¿Qué es el neoestructuralismo? Estas lecciones fueron claves para la recepción alemana del pensamiento francés surgido en los años 60. Las lecciones de Frank parecen mostrar algunas vías productivas para pensar la recepción alemana del posestructuralismo sin caer en el rechazo que llevó adelante el trabajo de Jürgen Habermas en El discurso filosófico de la modernidad. Nuestro análisis se centra en la (...) problemática de la subjetividad, tanto en las impugnaciones que realiza Frank, como también en aquellos puntos destacados que podría evidenciar el posestructuralismo. Finalmente, el trabajo sugiere, mediante el camino marcado por las lecciones de Frank, la existencia de una recepción menos problemática en el plano de la estética alemana. (shrink)